Depression

Studies have shown 90% of those who complete suicide have a diagnosable mental disorder, most often a depressive and/or substance abuse disorder. Depression is far more intense than a blue mood experienced by most people.  The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 4th Edition (DSM4), identifies criteria for a diagnosis of depression.

Five or more of the following symptoms have been present nearly every day during the same two-week period and represent a change from previous functioning:

• Depressed mood most of the day
• Markedly diminished interest in all or almost all activities most of the day
• Significant weight loss or significant weight gain without attempting to either lose or gain weight. Or, a decrease or increase in appetite
• Insomnia (inability to sleep or stay asleep), or Hypersomnia (need for more sleep than usual)
• Psychomotor agitation or retardation (as noted or observed by others)
• Fatigue or loss of energy
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
• Diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness
• Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt

These symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in functioning.